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Here you’ll find thoughtful articles exploring apologetics, theology, and worldview. Our goal is to equip believers, engage skeptics, and apply biblical truth to the most pressing questions of life, culture, and faith. Whether you’re wrestling with doubts, looking for answers, or simply eager to grow deeper in your understanding of Christianity, this is a place to read, reflect, and reason together.
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Socratic Dialogue on Postmodernism
Preface As Nicholas Rescher notes in Chapter 3 of Metaphilosophy: Philosophy in Philosophical Perspective , philosophy can be articulated in several ways, including the essay, the medieval scholastic treatise, and the dialogue format. In what follows, I provide a philosophical evaluation of postmodernism using the dialogue format. In honor of the first masters of dialogue - the expert dialecticians Socrates and Plato - I use Socrates as the main character of this dialogue, w

Josh Klein
Oct 23, 20198 min read
Ep. 87 Is Molinism Biblical (Part 3)
It's the final episode where Tim and I will be responding to an article from Charles Rennie, who purports to discuss whether or not Molinism is a Biblical theology. Needless to say, Tim and myself have some thoughts on the topic. I had solicited some questions for an episode from the Freethinking Podcast Facebook group, but this article came across our laps so we couldn't help but talk about it. We will be getting to those questions in the future, so if you want to have your

Josh Klein
Oct 17, 20191 min read
National Coming Out Day: A False Dichotomy
If you are like me, you see it all over your newsfeed: today is National Coming Out Day. It is a day when people are encouraged to “come out” as gay. I’ve read through posts by both secular LGBTQ friends, gay Christians friends, and celibate gay Christian friends. All of them proclaiming “freedom” by “coming out” and accepting their identity as gay. A False Dichotomy As I’ve read through these posts, I continually see people say things such as, “coming out has helped me no l

Josh Klein
Oct 15, 20194 min read
A Season of Death
“There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under the heavens: a time to be born and a time to die” - Ecclesiastes 3:1-2 Apple and pumpkin picking, the cool evening breeze, sweaters and scarves. I love autumn. And where I live, the trees are absolutely beautiful, as they change into their various, bold autumn colors. But do you know why this happens? Because their leaves are dying. They stop making food, starve, and eventually fall to the ground. The tre

Josh Klein
Oct 14, 20193 min read
Ep. 86 Is Molinism Biblical? (Part 2)
For these next couple of episodes, Tim and I will be responding to an article from Charles Rennie, who purports to discuss whether or not Molinism is a Biblical theology. Needless to say, Tim and myself have some thoughts on the topic. I had solicited some questions for an episode from the Freethinking Podcast Facebook group, but this article came across our laps so we couldn't help but talk about it. We will be getting to those questions in the future, so if you want to hav

Josh Klein
Oct 10, 20191 min read
Logical Moments & the Structure of God's Knowledge
Recently Tim Stratton wrote a response to the following question: "On the framework of Molinism, if there are multiple “logical moments” (not to be confused with chronological moments) prior to God’s creative decree, then would this not imply that God knows and does not know a truth simultaneously? If so, is this not a contradiction nullifying the entire idea of middle knowledge and Molinism?" Tim's response is good and worth reading ( click here ). Although I agree with eve

Josh Klein
Oct 8, 20194 min read
Guardian Angels: Para Bellum
Si Vis Pacem, Para Bellum This is Latin for, "If you want peace, prepare for war!" It is often used to convey the idea that one of the most effective means to ensure that one lives in peace is to always to be armed and ready to defend oneself. This statement might seem counter-intuitive at first sight, but the truth found in this proposition is that the conditions of peace are often preserved by a mere readiness to engage in war if necessary. Although Si Vis Pacem, Para Be

Josh Klein
Oct 7, 20195 min read
Ep. 85 Is Molinism Biblical? A Response (Part 1)
For these next couple of episodes, Tim and I will be responding to an article from Charles Rennie, who purports to discuss whether or not Molinism is a Biblical theology. Needless to say, Tim and myself have some thoughts on the topic. I had solicited some questions for an episode from the Freethinking Podcast Facebook group, but this article came across our laps so we couldn't help but talk about it. We will be getting to those questions in the future, so if you want to hav

Josh Klein
Oct 3, 20191 min read
4 Critical Tips for New Apologists
I’m no professional apologist by any means, but I’ve been around the scene long enough to have witnessed plenty of apologetics presentations. I’ve also seen many of the same mistakes being made by new apologists. Here are 4 critical tips to avoid common rookie mistakes: 1) Beware the curse of knowledge Too many new apologists rush into presentations without realizing that their listeners have probably never heard of cosmological constants or Hilbert’s Hotel. When crafting

Josh Klein
Sep 30, 20192 min read
Ep. 84 Molinism, Knees, and the Problems of Evil
In this episode, Tim and I combine to make up 3 healthy knee joints. Tim talks about his struggles he's been having with the health of his knee and how he makes sense of those struggles in light of Molinism. Many times, we tend to stray away from God when times get tough, but Tim shows how Molinism allows him to better deal with those tough times on an emotional level. We also discuss how Molinism actually provides a way to defeat all of the problems of evil. Fun ep! Releva

Josh Klein
Sep 26, 20191 min read
Ep. 83 Tim, Where Were You?
Tim's back on the show, for reals! In this episode, Tim catches us up on what he was doing over his recent sabbatical and we talk about the reality of spiritual warfare. We also talk about how Tim met his wife! Some of you might be struggling with the things we talk about in this episode and not even know it, so I encourage you to listen and be uplifted. Relevant Links: https://freethinkingministries.com/homosexuality-tattoos-the-sabbath/ https://freethinkingministries.co

Josh Klein
Sep 19, 20191 min read
Why Anselm’s Argument in Chapter 2 of Proslogium has Modal Significance
It is commonly held that Anselm’s argument in Chapter 2 of Proslogium is not a modally-significant argument, but that his argument in Chapter 3 possesses such significance. For example, in the first paragraph of Anselm's Neglected Argument , Brian Leftow refers to the argument in Chapter 2 as “non-modal” and to the argument in Chapter 3 as “a modal argument some find.” In this article, I submit that the argument in Chapter 2 is modally-significant. In short, I attempt to sh

Josh Klein
Sep 16, 20193 min read
Does Anselm’s Ontological Argument in Proslogium Two Presuppose that Existence is a Property?
Introduction In this article, I will briefly argue for the following theses: (a) it is not clear that Anselm’s ontological argument in Chapter Two of Proslogium presupposes that existence is a property, and (b) Anselm’s argument presupposes that objectivity and subjectivity are properties. Argument It is commonly held that, in Chapter Two of Proslogium , Anselm assumed that existence is a property (hereafter, the Property Assumption or PA) and that, since the PA is false,

Josh Klein
Sep 15, 20197 min read
Ep. 82 Tim and Evan Minton Talk the Apologetic Significance of Molinism (Part 3)
I know, we've talked about this topic before, but I bet you've never heard Tim and Evan Minton talk about this topic! This is the final episode listening to a conversation that Tim had with Evan Minton of the Cerebral Faith podcast about the apologetic significance of Molinism. It's a fun conversation, so I hope you all enjoy! Relevant Links: http://cerebralfaith.blogspot.com/ Relevant episodes: 58-62, 69-71, 80, 81 Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Sep 12, 20191 min read
Ep. 81 Tim and Evan Minton Talk the Apologetic Significance of Molinism (Part 2)
I know, we've talked about this topic before, but I bet you've never heard Tim and Evan Minton talk about this topic! For the next couple of episodes, we'll be listening to a conversation that Tim had with Evan Minton of the Cerebral Faith podcast about the apologetic significance of Molinism. It's a fun conversation, so I hope you all enjoy! Relevant Links: http://cerebralfaith.blogspot.com/ Relevant episodes: 58-62, 69-71, 80 Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Sep 5, 20191 min read
Philosophical Notes on the Underground: Three
“More than that: you say that then science itself will teach man (though this, to my mind, is already a luxury) that he really does not possess, and never did possess, either a will or a whim of his own; that he is, in fact, no more than a kind of piano key or organ stop; and that, besides, there is such a thing in the world as the laws of nature; so that everything that is done by man isn’t in the least a matter of his own will, but happens itself, according to these laws. C

Josh Klein
Sep 2, 20197 min read
Ep. 80 Tim and Evan Minton Talk the Apologetic Significance of Molinism (Part 1)
I know, we've talked about this topic before, but I bet you've never heard Tim and Evan Minton talk about this topic! For the next couple of episodes, we'll be listening to a conversation that Tim had with Evan Minton of the Cerebral Faith podcast about the apologetic significance of Molinism. It's a fun conversation, so I hope you all enjoy! Relevant Links: http://cerebralfaith.blogspot.com/ Relevant episodes: 58-62, 69-71 Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Aug 29, 20191 min read
Ep. 79 Christian Nationalism? (Part 2)
In this episode, Tim and I discuss one of his most recent articles where he interacts with a document that purports to be against the rise of "Christian Nationalism." We go through the document and give our thoughts on the whole issue. Relevant Links: https://www.christiansagainstchristiannationalism.org/statement https://freethinkingministries.com/should-christians-be-against-christian-nationalism/ Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Aug 22, 20191 min read
The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Part One
Introduction The kalam cosmological argument is both historically and currently significant. William Lane Craig, the leading contemporary advocate of the argument, has dubbed it the kalam argument in recognition of its origin in the work of Medieval Muslim philosophers such as al-Ghazali. The argument continues to interest philosophers and theologians. Its structure is simple: Whatever begins to exist has a cause. The universe began to exist. Therefore, the universe has a

Josh Klein
Aug 19, 20196 min read
No One Talks About It?
The latest buzz in Christendom is Hillsong Worship leader Marty Sampson announcing on social media that he was losing his faith . Now, I typically don’t comment on things like this. People like Michael Brown and Skillet’s John Cooper have done a great job addressing the issue. However, there was something about his post that really bothered me. It wasn’t the actual objections against Christianity. They’re nothing new. It was that after every objection he raised, he said: “N

Josh Klein
Aug 17, 20193 min read
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