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Here you’ll find thoughtful articles exploring apologetics, theology, and worldview. Our goal is to equip believers, engage skeptics, and apply biblical truth to the most pressing questions of life, culture, and faith. Whether you’re wrestling with doubts, looking for answers, or simply eager to grow deeper in your understanding of Christianity, this is a place to read, reflect, and reason together.
Philosophy


Disclosure Day is a Deeply Immoral movie where even the aliens are stupid.
I saw Disclosure Day and it was easily the worst Steven Spielberg movie I’ve ever seen. I’ve seen plenty of much worse movies that were directed by someone else, and I also haven’t seen all of Spielberg’s movies, but still it was quite shocking that the same guy who directed Jaws, Raiders of the Lost Ark, The Last Crusade, Jurassic Park, Schindler’s List, and Saving Private Ryan could make a movie this fundamentally flawed. It fails as a basic film and strays so far afield th

Phil Kallberg
Jun 3016 min read


Hayden Carroll’s Creation Dilemma: A Strong Argument That Ultimately Fails
Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due Over the past several years, I have had countless conversations with members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Some have been excellent. Others have consisted primarily of people repeating talking points they had heard elsewhere and simply referring to their own subjective feelings. But something has changed. I recently returned from another trip to Utah, and I was genuinely encouraged by what I encountered. I met numerous B

Dr. Tim Stratton
Jun 2214 min read


The Ontological Argument, Eternal Souls, and a Surprising Lesson from Mormonism
I have long been a defender of the modal ontological argument. While many Christians are uncomfortable with it, I have found it to be sound and compelling (see a short video I recorded for Frank Turek on the Ontological Argument here). The argument goes like this: If the concept of a maximally great being is logically possible, then a maximally great being exists necessarily. And if a maximally great being exists necessarily, then a maximally great being exists in every poss

Dr. Tim Stratton
Jun 1913 min read


You Don’t Have the Freedom of Religion in America
At first glance, that title sounds absurd. Of course we have freedom of religion in the United States—it's one of our most cherished rights. But if by “freedom of religion” we mean the unlimited right to believe and do anything whatsoever in the name of religion, then the truth is simple: you do not have that freedom in America—and you never have. The question is not whether religious freedom exists, but what it actually means—and where its limits must be drawn. The United St

Dr. Tim Stratton
Jun 155 min read


Do stories have essence? Using God of War to explore the nature of ‘things.’
In one of the very few articles I’ve published, I argued for the merits and beauty of God of War 2018.[1] I played the HD remasters of the first two almost 20 years ago, the PS3 ports of the PSP versions, God of War 3, Ascension, and Ragnarök in addition to the 2018 game. So you get the idea, I’m a fan of this series. Last week Sony announced that for the first time, the next game in the series will not feature Kratos as the main playable character but will shift focus to his

Phil Kallberg
Jun 1111 min read


Animal Suffering, Alex O’Connor, and Defeating Defeaters
Over the last few years, I have actually become somewhat of a fan of Alex O’Connor. Many readers will remember the teenage "Cosmic Skeptic" who exploded onto YouTube years ago. While I appreciated his intelligence and willingness to engage difficult ideas, I often found him unnecessarily abrasive and overly confident. But Alex has matured considerably over time. He has become more thoughtful, more nuanced, and more willing to admit complexity where complexity exists. In a wor

Dr. Tim Stratton
May 2213 min read


Oh, the Irony!
Lately I’ve noticed that Scripture is full of unexpected reversals — moments where God works in ways that overturn human expectations. Then, after reflecting more deeply on the biblical narrative and listened to my son, Dr. Tim Stratton, teach on Molinism (see his new book, the second edition of Human Freedom, Divine Knowledge, and Mere Molinism), something came into focus for me in a new way. It began with a simple realization: God is far more surprising than we often admit.
Suzanne Stratton
May 83 min read


From Cosmos to Conscience: Four Big Bangs, One Missing Cause
By Dr.Dan Eichenberger Secular cosmologists and theists alike agree: space, time, and matter came into existence from nothing. Whatever caused this had to be spaceless, timeless, and immaterial—plus unimaginably powerful and intelligent. Yet that single event only gets us to the first of four discrete explosions required to explain the world we actually observe. The Cosmological Big Bang produces the universe itself—something from nothing. Physics describes what happened afte
Dr. Dan Eichenberger
May 72 min read


If I Were a Mormon: A More Coherent View of God
Over the past several years—especially since 2018—I’ve made multiple trips to Utah every year. I’ve honestly lost count of how many times I’ve been out there, but it’s starting to feel like a second home. I can understand why Brigham Young reportedly said, “This is the place.” It’s beautiful. One of the things I appreciate most about Utah is the culture of open conversation. In many places, people are told to avoid discussing politics or religion. But that’s not the case in U

Dr. Tim Stratton
Apr 2715 min read


Does the LDS View of God “Make More Sense” Than the Trinity?
This last weekend I participated in a three-on-three debate with Latter-day Saints (formerly known as “Mormons”) in Las Vegas. Micah Kunkle, Marcus Bratton, and I had a friendly—but intense—conversation with Travis, Matt, and Haley. Honestly, my favorite part wasn’t the debate itself—it was forming genuine friendships with them. (The full debate will be released this Saturday on The Way with Brian Davila). One of their contentions was that their view of the Godhead “makes mor

Dr. Tim Stratton
Apr 217 min read


Deconditioning Naturalism: Rational Responsibility, Normativity, and the Soul
A Note to the Reader What follows are my original speaking notes from a panel discussion at the Evangelical Philosophical Society (EPS) regional meeting in Georgia (March, 2026). I had the privilege of joining Joshua Ryan Farris and Chad McIntosh to engage Farris’s work in Deconditioning Naturalism , especially his arguments regarding consciousness, the soul, and the limits of a purely naturalistic framework. In my portion of the panel, I zeroed in on a specific pressure poin

Dr. Tim Stratton
Apr 812 min read


A Friendly Response to Philosophically Minded Latter-day Saints: On Creation, Hell, and the Limits of the “Creation Dilemma”
While leading a recent MAVEN immersive experience in Utah, I had the pleasure of meeting a few philosophically inclined young men from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. To be candid, that was a breath of fresh air. This is because far too often, conversations between Christians and Latter-day Saints remain at a surface level—talking past one another rather than reasoning together (Isaiah 1:18). But these young men were different. They were thoughtful, sharp, an

Dr. Tim Stratton
Apr 115 min read


What a Paradox is, and is Not, and Why it Matters
I was inspired to write this one after watching this video “The Andromeda Paradox Even Confuses Physicists.” ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7Rx6ePSFdk ). You can watch the video for a longer explanation, but the gist is that relativity and the speed of light cause something odd. If you are standing still while I am running past you, and we both observe the Andromeda Galaxy while I pass you, we will observe it in different states. Andromeda is about 1.5 million light years

Phil Kallberg
Mar 277 min read


Arguing from the Extremes
There is a very common type of fallacious reasoning that I have termed arguing from the extremes. Once you see this, you’ll notice that it’s everywhere in our society and especially political discourse. Roughly speaking it’s the idea that one or an extremely small number of counter examples disproves a whole theory. This is simply not how to do good reasoning. If you see x follow y 1,000 times you will rightly conclude that there is some type of causal link between x and

Phil Kallberg
Feb 256 min read


What a Straw Man Argument is and What is Not.
I’m inspired to write this both for the accusations of “straw manning” that came from Tim's and my essay at the 2025 EPS, and due to examples that I have seen. While no one accused me of this directly (all the interactions I had with people in relation to the essay were positive, even when they were pushing back), I heard through the grapevine that some people were complaining that Tim and I were straw manning Calvinists and other divine determinists. Additionally, I did see

Phil Kallberg
Feb 116 min read


Who Has Bewitched You?: Libertarian Freedom, Propaganda, and the War for the Mind
The apostle Paul once rebuked the Galatian church with a startling question: “O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you?” (Galatians 3:1) Paul was not suggesting that the Galatians had lost their free will or become metaphysical puppets. Quite the opposite. He was holding them responsible for allowing deception to take root—for failing to guard their minds against ideas that undermined truth and freedom. In other words, Paul assumed that being deceived does not eliminate res

Dr. Tim Stratton
Jan 276 min read


Christmas, Modal Logic, and the Ontological Argument
On Christmas Eve, as I was walking into the gym, I paused for a brief moment and posted something on social media that had been on my mind: "God > anything else that could possibly be conceived." Many people immediately recognized this as a hat tip to Anselm’s famous definition of God: "that than which nothing greater can be conceived." Others—almost certainly many who have never heard of Anselm—still understood it intuitively and seemed to appreciate it. I went to bed that n

Dr. Tim Stratton
Dec 29, 20258 min read


Panpsychism: Conscious Rocks and Socks
I recently read Galileo's Error: Foundation for a New Science of Consciousness by Philip Goff. I actually listened to it on Audible over the course of four days (mostly while walking my dog or working out). After listening to the first few chapters I decided to purchase the hard copy in order to read it more carefully. I had no idea what to expect when I started listening to Goff's book narrated by Maxwell Caulfield. I did not know what worldview Goff held or what position

Dr. Tim Stratton
Nov 24, 202311 min read


Libertarian Free-Thinking and the Sapolsky Paradox
"I’ve decided that Sapolsky embodies a paradox: when you decide free will does not exist because you have weighed arguments for and against it, you prove free will exists." - John Horgan (the science writer) Horgan is exactly right. These words are in response to neurobiologist Robert Sapolsky, who argues against free will in his new book, Determined . But, Sapolsky's book does not demonstrate that humans never possess the libertarian freedom to think. As Horgan notes in F

Dr. Tim Stratton
Nov 11, 20234 min read


Objective Morality VS David Pallmann
Challenge For those who like the moral argument, here are my five challenges (framed as questions) for you. 1. Why think that moral realism is true? 2. Why think that moral facts/obligations need an explanation? 3. Why think that God would be able to explain the existence of moral facts/obligations? 4. What about non-theistic accounts of morality? 5. Can you show that theism surpasses all non-theistic accounts of morality as an explanation for morality? I expect that yo

Dr. Tim Stratton
Sep 27, 20238 min read
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