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Here you’ll find thoughtful articles exploring apologetics, theology, and worldview. Our goal is to equip believers, engage skeptics, and apply biblical truth to the most pressing questions of life, culture, and faith. Whether you’re wrestling with doubts, looking for answers, or simply eager to grow deeper in your understanding of Christianity, this is a place to read, reflect, and reason together.
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Behind the Song “The Cross Is” by Mikel Del Rosario
Why did you write the song? As a doctoral student who’s also a musician, I need a creative outlet that gets my hands back on a guitar to create something. When I get a chance to steal away from my studies, I still like to play guitar and work on music. I attended a songwriter’s retreat in Dallas where I got a packet with a number of Scriptures, poems, ancient prayers, and other materials to look over. A piece called “The Prayer of St. Yared” caught my eye because of lines li

Josh Klein
Apr 9, 20205 min read
Ep. 112 How to Talk to Mormons about Christianity (Part 2)
No more coronavirus talk for us this week. Tim and I are sick of it and ready to reminisce about better times. One of those times was a couple weeks ago, when Tim went on a trip to Utah with MAVEN in order to speak with students on a number of university campuses. Obviously Utah is home to many Mormons, so this gave Tim some insight into how to effectively engage those who are part of the LDS. If you're interested in booking a trip with MAVEN, go here. Check out this episode

Josh Klein
Apr 9, 20201 min read


An Investigator Examines the Resurrection
Note from Tim Stratton: I first met Ross Hickling when we arrived for summer residency at Biola University. This US Marshall and I were both enrolled in the MACA program and were assigned as roommates. We also both went on to attain doctoral degrees from North-West University. This article was originally published on the Ratio Christi website ( ratiochristi.org ). Tracking Down a Fugitive I was confident that if we were patient enough, we would snag our fugitive in a mobi

Josh Klein
Apr 8, 20206 min read
An Exercise on the Problem of Evil
Are you under a stay-at-home order? Consider thinking about the problem of evil (PoE). Here is a brief exercise. Suppose someone says the following to you: “God would never permit COVID-19. So, since there is COVID-19, there is no God.” How would you respond? Notice that this is an example of the PoE. But there are many versions of the PoE. So, your first step is to determine whether your interlocutor is expressing the emotional PoE or the intellectual PoE. If the former, t

Josh Klein
Apr 3, 20203 min read
Ep. 111 How to Talk to Mormons about Christianity (Part 1)
No more coronavirus talk for us this week. Tim and I are sick of it and ready to reminisce about better times. One of those times was a couple weeks ago, when Tim went on a trip to Utah with MAVEN in order to speak with students on a number of university campuses. Obviously Utah is home to many Mormons, so this gave Tim some insight into how to effectively engage those who are part of the LDS. If you're interested in booking a trip with MAVEN, go here. Check out this episode

Josh Klein
Apr 2, 20201 min read
Computers Don't Know Jack!
Question: Dear Tim, Why does one have to ‘freely’ infer ? Do computers require free will to make accurate calculations? Evidently not – they seem to get by just fine! Imagine giving two computers sentience. They argue between them over a particular course of action and which option is the best. What’s wrong with describing what they have as ‘knowledge’? - Andy Tim's Response: Thanks for your question, Andy. Please allow me to break it down in a step-by-step manner. You said:

Josh Klein
Mar 30, 20205 min read
Ep. 110 The Truth About Coronavirus w/ Dr. Dan Eichenberger
First of all, apologies for the late episode. We ran into some issues with the recording but we managed to find some backups. In this episode, Tim and I talk to Dr. Dan Eichenberger, a man who has actually treated patients with coronavirus. We discuss what the disease is along with the country's reaction to it. If you didn't know anything about coronavirus (like me), you'll learn a lot in this episode. We also talk about how, as a doctor, one can show Christ through their wo

Josh Klein
Mar 27, 20201 min read
The Redefinition of Love—Resulting From the Loss of Truth
Most people agree that we should love one another. But what does it mean to love others? Love can’t mean what our culture says it means. It can’t be untethered from a transcendent moral standard (i.e. God’s word and natural law) and left to be defined subjectively by our feelings, to be molded and fashioned into whatever shape current societal trends bend it. The average person in the US today is a Popular Secularist and has accepted the Popular Secularist definition of lo

Josh Klein
Mar 27, 20207 min read
Why Would God Allow COVID-19?
Suppose you awoke tomorrow and the coronavirus pandemic had come to an end and all suffering had ceased. Not only are you no longer experiencing any suffering of any kind, but neither is anyone else. All suffering resulting from moral or natural evil — including COVID-19 – was nothing but a memory. Is there any reason to think that it would stay that way? To answer this question, take a short quiz: Question #1: Would you take this “suffering-free world” for granted? Would yo

Josh Klein
Mar 23, 20203 min read
Ep. 109 4 Ways for Christians to Respond to COVID 19
What a week, huh? It feels like every morning we wake up and there's news saying that we should gather with fewer people. How are we supposed to reconcile this scary situation with a God who says he loves us? Tim and I wrestle with that question in this episode. We also spend some time talking about why Christians have the most reason for hope among anyone. We talk about what we as Christians can be doing, both through prayer and through action to live out our faith during a

Josh Klein
Mar 19, 20201 min read


Metaphysics & Mormonism
The primary goal of FreeThinking Ministries is to equip the church to engage the culture. In my opinion, no one is doing that better than MAVEN , an organization founded by Brett Kunkle focused on helping the next generation “know truth, pursue goodness, and create beauty” (to learn more about MAVEN, click here ). FreeThinking Ministries is also devoted to bringing rational discussions about Christianity to college campuses. In my opinion, no one is doing that better than

Josh Klein
Mar 18, 202015 min read
Ep. 108 A Conversation with Steve Schramm (Part 3)
We've got a great interview for you these next couple of weeks. Tim was recently on the Steve Schramm show to talk about free will and other related topics. It's a fun and wide-ranging conversation that we know you'll enjoy. Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Mar 12, 20201 min read
A Logical Argument on Evil
The problem of evil is one of the most common arguments used by non-believers, atheists, agnostics, and seekers when trying to develop an intellectual argument against God. Trying to reconcile the cognitive dissonance of acknowledging evil while accepting the reality of an all-powerful (Omnipotent), all-knowing (Omniscient), and always present (Omnipresent) supreme being is seemingly untenable. Alvin Plantinga is considered by many one of the most influential Christian philos

Josh Klein
Mar 11, 20205 min read
Peter's Freedom Before the Rooster Crowed
Question Dear Dr. Stratton, You've noted that there are some questions that have kept you up at night for long periods of time. The question that has caused me to lose a tremendous amount of sleep is regarding Peter's freedom to deny or not to deny Jesus three times after Jesus told him that he would deny him three times. So, did Peter possess the libertarian freedom not to reject Jesus three times before the rooster crowed? - Randy Tim's Response This is a great question,

Josh Klein
Mar 9, 20202 min read
Ep. 107 A Conversation with Steve Schramm (Part 2)
We've got a great interview for you these next couple of weeks. Tim was recently on the Steve Schramm show to talk about free will and other related topics. It's a fun and wide-ranging conversation that we know you'll enjoy. Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Mar 5, 20201 min read
Thinking about Sickness and Death
Death is the destiny of everyone; the living should take this to heart. (Ecclesiastes 7:2, NIV) Over the last few weeks, I have made some interesting sociocultural observations. For example, a local grocery store has limited the number of sanitizing wipes available for its customers and has offered to disinfect shopping carts for shoppers entering the building. A local soccer club has sent me an email message with instructions on how to deal with the coronavirus. The county

Josh Klein
Mar 4, 20205 min read
Ep. 106 A Conversation with Steve Schramm (Part 1)
We've got a great interview for you these next couple of weeks. Tim was recently on the Steve Schramm show to talk about free will and other related topics. It's a fun and wide-ranging conversation that we know you'll enjoy. Check out this episode!

Josh Klein
Feb 27, 20201 min read
A Response to Richard Carrier
On October 25 th , 2019, Richard Carrier, published a blog titled, Mark’s Use of Paul’s Epistles . Carrier’s main argument is that Mark used Paul and that Matthew and Luke used Mark. Specifically, Mark transvalued what Paul had written into his own stories. This is problematic for Carrier, because he believes “Paul clearly taught that all his information came from visions, not conveyors of a tradition (‘tradents’).” Or stated another way, Paul’s teachings about Jesus ca

Josh Klein
Feb 26, 20207 min read
Intro to My Markan Research
I wanted to take some time and share with you something that I have been working on this year: Markan research. In the spring semester of 2019, I was taking a course at Houston Baptist University under Dr Michael Licona. During the course, Dr Licona had offered the opportunity to supervise a master’s thesis on the topics of the Gospel of Mark’s dating, authorship, and connection with Peter. From what I understand, Dr Licona became interested in those topics because a Faceb

Josh Klein
Feb 25, 20204 min read
3 Ways Richard Dawkins Is Inconsistent about Eugenics
For such a bright guy, Richard Dawkins—famed evolutionary biologist and outspoken atheist—sure makes a lot of controversial statements on Twitter . He's recently done it again, causing a firestorm because of a series of tweets on eugenics : In case you never learned about eugenics in school, here’s dictionary.com’s definition : “the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population, especially by such means as discou

Josh Klein
Feb 23, 20203 min read
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